By multiplying the rate constant by the substrate concentration (amount) or by determining reaction velocity (V).
Answer: humoral immune response
The main antibody isotypes in the influenza-specific humoral immune response are IgA, IgM and IgG. Mucosal or secretory IgA antibodies are produced locally and transported along the mucus of the respiratory tract by transepithelial transport and can afford local protection from infection of airway epithelial cells.
The job of the Golgi apparatus is to process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids as they are synthesized within the cell.
Answer: Option D.
After recovery from general anesthesia.
Explanation:
Wind up in animals is a situation whereby there is increase in pain on the affected area due to high stimulus that is given above the normal level. These is caused by continuous stimulation of group c peripheral nerve fibres of the nervous system.
Wind up occur in animals after recovery from general anesthesia because the peripheral nerve fibres are continuously stimulated to cause windup.
