I think this view is NOT compatible with either of these hypothesis illustrated above. This is because each hypothesis presents prokaryotes as two separate groups. Prokaryotes are unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane bound organelle unlike the eukaryotes which has the membrane bound nucleus and other organelles.
The answer is A) Archaea.
If you go on mc3.edu/admissions/applying-to-mccc/testing-and-assessment/assets/biology-placement-test.pdf page 11 it will tell you all the answers to your questions....
A parasite invades the species and causes its population to decline because a biotic factor is a living factor that affects a species
