Answer:
1. Bill is a very patriotic guy. He seeks ads for Miller beer which feature strong American themes. He feels good about these images, and over time starts to feel good about Miller beer.
Type of learning taking place: Classical Conditioning
CS: The Miller beer.
CR: American themes.
2. Joe is concerned about the economy. He makes an effort to "buy American," to support the U.S. economy. He reads product literature, looking for evidence of domestic manufacturing, and usually buys American-made products.
Type of learning taking place: operant conditioning.
The stimulus: The U.S. economy.
Desired response: to relieve his concern.
Reinforcement: he engages to an specific behavior
Explanation:
1. Classical Conditioning: If a neutral stimulus or a stimulus that at first elicits no response, like the Miller beer is paired with the American themes, a stimulus that already evokes a reflex response, then eventually the Miller beer will by itself evoke a similar response. Pairing of the Miller beer (CS), with the American theme (UCS) strengthens the connection between the stimuli.
2. Operant Conditioning: Bill is some way concerned about the U.S. economy, he engages in the behavior in which he relieves his concer reading product literature and buying American-made products as instrumens to achieving his concern helping domestic economy.
