Characteristics shared by members of a group may include interests, values, representations, ethnic or social background, and kinship ties. (Sorry this is late) just saw this now.
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They are called psycrophiles or cryophiles.
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The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Because resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers, causing the traits to increase in frequency over generations.
The reason that natural selection is important is that it's the central idea, stemming from Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, that explains design in nature. It is the one process that is responsible for the evolution of adaptations of organisms to their environment.
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