Answer:
The frictional torque is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The mass attached to one end the string is 
The mass attached to the other end of the string is 
The radius of the disk is 
At equilibrium the tension on the string due to the first mass is mathematically represented as

substituting values


At equilibrium the tension on the string due to the mass is mathematically represented as



The frictional torque that must be exerted is mathematically represented as

substituting values


Answer:
The relative speed of 1 relative to 2 is 0.88c
Explanation:
In relativistic mechanics the relative speed between 2 objects moving in different direction is given by

Since it is given that

Applying values in the formula we get

1.commensalism
2. pred-prey
3. parasite-host
4.commensalism
The correct answer is (a.) Hydra. Hydra is not a dwarf planet, instead, it is the moon of the dwarf planet, Pluto. There are only four accepted dwarf planets by the International Astronomical Union which were the Haumea, Pluto, Eris, and Makemake.