Question

The question is on the picture

Answer 1

The answer is 4.8873, so you can say over 4 times as great, or almost 5 times as great for the first question.

And I think the second question could be because those over 35 years old have a more stable career, they're more developed skill-wise & worth more to their company so they're paid more, and of higher ranking in their professions, etc.