Answer: The correct answer is-
D) a change in shape of the active sites of the enzyme.
Enzymes are primarily protein molecules that drive various chemical reactions ( by increasing the rate of reaction) within the body of living organisms.
Protease is a protein digesting enzyme that works on specific pH ( such as pepsin works on pH 2 within stomach, which is highly acidic) .
Shape of an enzyme determine its function as they have active sites ( which have unique shapes) that fit in the substrate and carry out the chemical reactions.
A major change in pH can alter the shape of the active sites of the enzyme, making it inactive.
Thus, option D) is the right answer.
The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance . Cytoplasm provides a surface for all the organelles in the animal cell.
Trypanosoma and Plasmodium have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins
Antigenic variation in P. falciparum is driven by PfEMP1/var. The other gene families' members, rif, stevor, and surfin, which encode the proteins RIFINS, STEVOR, and SURFIN, respectively, go through clonal variation, which makes them useful in evading the host immune response.
By frequently changing the thick layer of variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) on the cell surface, Trypanosoma brucei parasites successfully escape the host immune system. The monoallelic expression of VSGs is strictly regulated in each parasite. On the trypomastigotes, the VSG proteins (60 kDa) produce a surface coating that is 12–15 nm thick. Through significant antigenic diversity, the VSGs allow the trypomastigotes to sidestep the immune system of the mammalian host.
Learn more about immune system here;
brainly.com/question/15660598
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I believe the answer is retrovirus