Hey there,
1). Name:Cadmium
Symbol: Cd
Atomic Number: 48
Atomic Mass: 112.411 amu
Melting Point: 320.9 °C (594.05 K, 609.62 °F)
Boiling Point: 765.0 °C (1038.15 K, 1409.0 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons:N 48
Number of Neutrons: 64
Classification: Transition Metal
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 8.65 g/cm3
Color: Silvery
2).Although fluorine (F) has 18 known isotopes from 14F to 31F and two isomers (18mF and 26mF), only one of these isotopes is stable, that is, fluorine-19; as such, it is a mono isotopic element. The longest-lived radioisotope is 18F with a half-life of 109.771 minutes.
3).32.066
Main isotopes of sulfur (16S)
Isotope Decay
abundance half-life (t1/2) mode product
32S 94.99% stable
33S 0.75% stable
34S 4.25% stable
35S trace 87.32 d β− 35Cl
36S 0.01% stable
34S abundances vary greatly (between 3.96 and 4.77 percent) in natural samples.
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)
[32.059, 32.076][1]
Conventional: 32.06
Sulfur (16S) has 24 known isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 26 to 49, four of which are stable: 32S (95.02%), 33S (0.75%), 34S (4.21%), and 36S (0.02%). The preponderance of sulfur-32 is explained by its production from carbon-12 plus successive fusion capture of five helium nuclei, in the so-called alpha process of exploding type II supernovas (see silicon burning).
Other than 35S, the radioactive isotopes of sulfur are all comparatively short-lived. 35S is formed from cosmic ray spallation of 40Ar in the atmosphere. It has a half-life of 87 days. The next longest-lived radioisotope is sulfur-38, with a half-life of 17 minutes. The shortest-lived is 49S, with a half-life shorter than 200 nanoseconds.
When sulfide minerals are precipitated, isotopic equilibration among solids and liquid may cause small differences in the δS-34 values of co-genetic minerals. The differences between minerals can be used to estimate the temperature of equilibration. The δC-13 and δS-34 of coexisting carbonates and sulfides can be used to determine the pH and oxygen fugacity of the ore-bearing fluid during ore formation.
In most forest ecosystems, sulfate is derived mostly from the atmosphere; weathering of ore minerals and evaporates also contribute some sulfur. Sulfur with a distinctive isotopic composition has been used to identify pollution sources, and enriched sulfur has been added as a tracer in hydro logic studies. Differences in the natural abundances can also be used in systems where there is sufficient variation in the 34s of ecosystem components. Rocky Mountain lakes thought to be dominated by atmospheric sources of sulfate have been found to have different δS-34 values from oceans believed to be dominated by watershed sources of sulfate.
4).Different isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number. They have the same number of protons. The atomic number is decided by the number of protons. Isotopes have different mass numbers, though, because they have different numbers of neutrons.
Hope this helps you have a good day!!!
