Is matter continuous and therefore has no finer structure or is it discontinuous and thus made or tiny particles
1 answer:
Matter is discontinuous, and it is made of tiny particles called atoms
Explanation:
Matter is not a continuous structure, but it consists of tiny particles called atoms.
An atom consists of three types of particles:
- Proton: the proton is in the nucleus of the atom. it has a positive electric charge of
(also called fundamental charge). Its mass is
.
- Neutron: the neutron is also in the nucleus of the atom, but it has no electric charge. Its mass is similar to the mass of the proton (slightly heavier). Neutrons and protons are held together in the nucleus through the strong nuclear force.
- Electron: electrons are found in a "cloud" outside the nucleus. Electron has negative electric charge equal to
. Its mass is much approximately 1800 times smaller than that of the proton, so it is considered as negligible.
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Each neutral carbon atom contains four valence electrons and may form up to four electron domains. Possible hybridizations include
, four electron domains, as in ethane
, three electron domains, as in ethene
, two electron domains, as in ethyne
Molecules of each of the three hybridization demonstrate spatial configurations that would maximizes the separation between the electron domains.
- Carbon atoms with a
- Carbon atoms with a
- Carbon atoms with a
Bond angles are characteristic of the spatial configuration of electron domains and identifies the hybridization of the central carbon atom.
Note that each hydrogen atom contains only one valence electron and would form only single bonds. It takes two valence electrons for oxygen atoms to achieve an octet such that each oxygen form only two bonds at a single time. Therefore given the fact that the carbon is bonded to both hydrogen and oxygen, only the following hybridizations are possible