Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a vitamin whose derivatives NAD, NADH, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. The designation vitamin B3, whose chemical formula is C5H4NCOOH (or alternatively, C6H6NO2), also includes the corresponding amide nicotinamide, or niacinamide, whose chemical formula is C6H6N2O.
Niacin is one of the B vitamins (vitamin B complex), a group of chemically distinct, water-soluble vitamins that also includes thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and others. Once considered to be a single vitamin, vitamin B is now seen as a complex of different vitamins that generally are found in the same foods. Vitamins are organic (carbon-containing) nutrients obtained through the diet and essential in small amounts for normal metabolic reactions.
The conversion of niacin to NAD and NADP, and the use of these coenzymes in intricate biological processes like the citric acid cycle, reveals the complex coordination in living organisms.
Multiple partners, monogamous relationship, unprotected sex
Answer:
A respiration rate under 12 or over 25 breaths per minute while resting is considered abnormal.
Explanation:
A person's respiratory rate is the number of breaths you take per minute. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
c. racing heartbeat
The alarm stage of stress is more popularly known as the fight or flight stage stage. It is in this stage that the brain sends signals to the different parts of your body taking the message that you are in a perilous situation. Upon receiving the messages and your body started to react, you can choose between the flight and fight response. You can either fight or flee away from that dangerous place. This alarm stage of stress as explained by the father of stress, Hans Selye is commonly characterized by fast and racing heartbeats.
