Answer:
Short-circuiting the contingencies
Explanation:
contingency management deals with the use of conditioning (operant conditioning), used to control to alter/change a behaviour using stimulus control.
Short-circuiting the contingency in this case is usually happens if an individual set up a particular reinforcer for a target behavior that he/she wants to alter or change rather they takes the reinforcer before first engaging in the target behavior. it is also simply defined as a person set up a punishment for a behavior but meanwhile do not enforce the punishment after engaging in the target behavior beforehand.
B. The Age of Enlightenment.
<u>Answer:</u>
From the given details, it can be concluded about the voters sovereignty and personal freedoms in the Republic of Sudan that the voters do not have political nor religious freedom.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- As stated in the details given, the Republic of Sudan does have a legislative system but most of its members are chosen by appointment and are not elected by the people of Sudan.
- The administration of the Republic of Sudan works according to the Islamic law (Shariya). Hence, the citizens of Sudan do not have the liberty to practice the religion of their choice.