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3 years ago

Which compound in each of the following pairs would be more soluble in water?

Chemistry

1 answer:

marta [7]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

a. Propanol

b. Propanone

c. Butanal

Explanation:

From the given information:

We are to state which of the given samples are more soluble in water.

The solubility of an organic molecule in water depends on the polarity of the given organic molecule. This solubility behaviour conforms with the general rule -"like dissolve like". Solubility is a means of comparing the extent to which different solutes can dissolve in a particular solvent at a definite temperature. Water is a polar solvent; therefore, an organic molecule that will also dissolve in water must be polar.

From the first pair, we have propane and propanol.

Propanol is more soluble in water than propane due to its polarity in water.

From the second pair:

Propanone is an alkanone (ketone group) with three carbon chain directly bonded to an oxygen double bond. At the same time, 3-hexanone has six carbon chain ketone group with the oxygen double bond located at the third carbon chain ( a hydrophobic "water-fearing" compound). Thus, the shorter the carbon chain, the more polar the organic molecule is and the more it is likely going to dissolve in water. Therefore, Propanone is more soluble in water than 3-hexanone.

From the third pair: The shorter the carbon chain, the more soluble in water it will become.

Butanal is the fourth element on the alkanal family group while hexanal is the sixth compound in the alkanal family group. As such, butanal is more soluble in water than hexanal.

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At 85°C, the vapor pressure of A is 566 torr and that of B is 250 torr. Calculate the composition of a mixture of A and B that b

Phantasy [73]

Answer:

Composition of the mixture:

$x_{A} =0.652=65.2$ %

$x_{B} =0.348=34.8$ %

Composition of the vapor mixture:

$y_{A} =0.809=80.9$ %

$y_{B} =0.191=19.1$ %

Explanation:

If the ideal solution model is assumed, and the vapor phase is modeled as an ideal gas, the vapor pressure of a binary mixture with $x_{A}$ and $x_{B}$ molar fractions can be calculated as:

$P_{vap}=x_{A}P_{A}+x_{B}P_{B}$

Where $P_{A}$ and $P_{B}$ are the vapor pressures of the pure compounds. A substance boils when its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure under it is; so it boils when $P_{vap}=P$ . When the pressure is 0.60 atm, the vapor pressure has to be the same if the mixture is boiling, so:

$0.60*760=P_{vap}=x_{A}P_{A}+x_{B}P_{B}\\456=x_{A}P_{A}+(1-x_{A})P_{B}\\456=x_{A}*(P_{A}-P_{B})+P_{B}\\\frac{456-P_{B}}{P_{A}-P_{B}}=x_{A}\\\\\frac{456-250}{566-250}=x_{A}=0.652$

With the same assumptions, the vapor mixture may obey to the equation:

$x_{A}P_{A}=y_{A}P$ , where P is the total pressure and y is the fraction in the vapor phase, so:

$y_{A} =\frac{x_{A}P_{A}}{P}=\frac{0.652*566}{456} =0.809=80.9$ %

The fractions of B can be calculated according to the fact that the sum of the molar fractions is equal to 1.

7 0

3 years ago

What might an increased carbon dioxide level cause?

JulijaS [17]

Answer:

canmann

Explanation:

because it is setting for that only

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3 years ago

Why is the chemical formula for sodium chloride NaCl, and not NaCI6 or Na6CI

Assoli18 [71]

Answer: NaCl

Explanation:

Here You Go :)

8 0

3 years ago

How can the rescue workers get enrgy to the batteries in their equipment during rescue missions.

Ipatiy [6.2K]

Answer:

a generator that allows them to convert kinetic energy into potential energy

Explanation:

Rescue workers can accomplish this by using a generator that allows them to convert kinetic energy into potential energy. Such as a crank generator, with these, they spin a crank with their hands and the generator takes that kinetic energy that is building up through the work that the rescuer is exerting and converts it to potential electric energy that can properly be used to provide energy to the batteries for their equipment. This is what is generally used for situations such as what rescuers go through when there is no electricity around.

3 0

3 years ago

How many molecules are there in 7.27 miles of ammonia?

NemiM [27]

Hey There!

To solve this question remember that 1 mole of ammonia is equal to 17G of ammonia.

Using that, we first multiply 17 by 7 = 24

Then we multiply 7 by .27 = 1.89

Finally, taking those and adding them together gives you the answer...

25.89 grams :)

Have a great day, I hope I helped.

+ Brainliest & Five stars are always appreciated

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers