Answer:tetrahedral
Explanation:
According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR). The number of electron pairs on the valence shell of the central atom in a molecule influences the shape of that molecule. Four electron pairs around the central atom of a molecule leads to a tetrahedral geometry as predicted by VSEPR.
Answer:
On the periodic table, there are two numbers for every element: the atomic number and the atomic weight.
The numbers at the top of the square represents the number of protons present in the atom's nucleus of that element. This is called the atomic number.
For example, the atomic number for the element Krypton is 36. That means that there are 36 protons in the nucleus. If there were not 36 protons in the nucleus of that atom, that would create the atom of a completely different element. For example, if one proton was to be removed from the nucleus of the atom for the element of Krypton that atom will be an atom of the element bromine.
Explanation:
When an atom emits a beta
particle from the nucleus, the nucleus only has one more proton and one less
neutron and this will make the atomic mass number remains unchanged while the
atomic number increases by 1.
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Answer:
Radiation effects on electrical equipment depend on the equipment and on the type of ionizing radiation to which it is exposed.
First, beta radiation has little, if any, effect on electrical equipment because this type of ionizing radiation is easily shielded. The equipment housing and the construction of the parts within the housing will protect the equipment from beta-radiation (high-energy electrons) exposure.
Gamma radiation is penetrating and can affect most electrical equipment. Simple equipment (like motors, switches, incandescent lights, wiring, and solenoids) is very radiation resistant and may never show any radiation effects, even after a very large radiation exposure. Diodes and computer chips (electronics) are much more sensitive to gamma radiation. To give you a comparison of effects, it takes a radiation dose of about 5 Sv to cause death to most people. Diodes and computer chips will show very little functional detriment up to about 50 to 100 Sv. Also, some electronics can be "hardened" (made to be not affected as much by larger gamma radiation doses) by providing shielding or by selecting radiation-resistant materials.
Some electronics do exhibit a recovery after being exposed to gamma radiation, after the radiation is stopped. But the recovery is hardly ever back to 100% functionality. Also, if the electronics are exposed to gamma radiation while unpowered, the gamma radiation effects are less.
Ionizing radiation breaks down the materials within the electrical equipment. For example, when wiring is exposed to gamma rays, no change is noticed until the wiring is flexed or bent. The wire's insulation becomes brittle and will break and may cause shorts in the equipment. The effect on diodes and computer chips is a bit more complex. The gamma rays disrupt the crystalline nature of the inside of the electronic component. Its function is degraded and then fails as more gamma radiation exposure is received by the electronic component.
Gamma rays do not affect the signals within the device or the signals received by the device. Nonionizing radiation (like radio signals, microwaves, and electromagnetic pulses) DO mess with the signals within and received by the device. I put a cheap electronic game in my microwave oven at home. It arced and sparked and was totally ruined. I didn’t waste any more of my time playing that game.
Hope this helps.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Measuring the Volume of Solids
Rectangular prism - Multiply the measurement of the length times the width, then times the height.
Cube - Since all sides are the same measurement, it would be the measurement of any side, or edge, cubed, or a³
Explanation:
