Explanation:
Every individual has the same negative effect on population growth rate, independent of density.
I believe the punnet square is showing the genotypes of the F2 generation. If that is true, the answer would be 3 red : 1 white. This is because the four genotypes are RR, Rr, Rr, and rr. Out of those, 3 contain the dominant allele R that codes for red, while only one contains both recessive alleles that code for white. Hope this helps!
Answer:
an English scientist Robert hooke