The initial assessment of bats suggested they lacked the ability to synthesize vitamin C (Birney, Jenness, and Ayaz 1976). However, several recent studies have shown that approximately two thirds of different bat species have functionally expressed GULO genes (Cui et al. 2011a; Cui et al. 2011b). The various bat taxon taxa that lack the ability to make vitamin C have varying levels of deletion degradation in their GULOgenes and the patterns of sequence variation show that they are lineage independent events. Trying to explain the discontinuous GULO deletion patterns within a common descent paradigm has produced a variety of difficult contradictions for a coherent model of bat<span> evolution </span>(Cui et al. 2011b).
Loss of vitamin C pathway function and GULO gene degradation has also been detected in guinea pigs, great apes, and humans (Lachapelle and Drouin 2011; Nishikimi, Kawai, and Yagi 1992; Nishikimi et al. 1994; Ohta and Nishikimi 1999). In addition, naturally occurring scurvy and osteogenic disease pathologies related to GULO inactivating mutations and large-scale deletions have been documented in rats, mice, and pigs (Harris et al. 2005; Hasan et al. 2004; Jiao et al. 2005; Kawai et al. 1992; Mohan et al. 2005). Thus, degradation of the GULO gene in a wide array of mammals and birds is a relatively common occurrence.
Answer: <u>Any supporting details</u> as your trying to focus on the main ideas and views.
Explanation:
None, I major in biology, and you said it was a biology question so this is my best hypothesis.
If a biologist is measuring diversity by calculating the proportion of individuals of each species, he or she is actually calculating the species evenness of species in the community.
<h3>What is species evenness?</h3>
- When there is an environmental gradient in the study region, systematic sampling is performed.
- To take systematic samples along the environmental gradient, a transect is utilized.
- A population is a collection of creatures belonging to the same species that coexist in a certain location.
- Within a given area, more than one population may exist.
- It's possible for populations of Saguaro cacti, Cactus Wrens, and Bark Scorpions to coexist in the same places.
- A population is a collection of people belonging to the same species who are present in the same location at the same time.
- All of the people in all of the interacting populations in a given area make up a community.
Learn more about population here:
brainly.com/question/6615095
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Answer:
to many valence electrons
Explanation:
i think It's wrong because helium only has two valence electrons therefore there should only be two dots to represent that
