The River Valley civilizations that emerged on the Yellow River ( China ), the Indus River ( India ), the Nile River (Egypt ), and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers ( Mesopotamia ) made lasting contributions to civilizations.
Ecological anthropology is a study under anthropology which deals with the human behavior and the relationship with their environment. This specifically covers the people's culture, activities and behavior that affects the ecology they live in. Studies made under this field must be about what humans have made of their environment as a result of their actions.
I believe the answer is A) Staling and D) Preventing