<span>This result is produced by the selective permeability of the plasma membrane when the presence of negatively charged ions does not diffuse into the cell and the action of several sodium-potassium pump units causes an unequal distribution of charges through the membrane.</span>
DNA is a macromolecule composed of nucleotides which carry the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of the cell. One of the most important characteristics of DNA is its ability to make several copies of it (to be copied via the process of replication). When the cell divides into two it must carry each copy of DNA into the divided cells. Through replication, the DNA transfers the information necessary for creating an exact copy of it in the new daughter cell. The transfer of the DNA to the next generation of cells is essential for the function of the whole organism.
<span>DNA replication will make the organism to reproduce the genetic code and transfer it to the next generation (through the reproduction) and thus, to continue the species. </span>
Answer:
OPTION b. "<em>The 3D shape of a protein is determined largely by the ribosome forming the protein" </em>
is NOT an accurate description of protein synthesis and folding.
Explanation:
<em>a. Many copies of a protein can be synthesized simultaneously from the same mRNA</em>. TRUE. As a ribosome moves along the mRNA chain synthesizing a new protein, another ribosome might follow it, synthesizing another protein from the same mRNA chain. And so on. So, at the same time, many ribosomes might be attached to the mRNA, synthesizing many copies of the protein, but at different development levels. The mRNA chain together with many ribosomes is called a <em>polyribosome</em>.
b. <em>The 3D shape of a protein is determined largely by the ribosome forming the protein</em>. FALSE. What determined the 3D structure of the protein is the amino acid sequence of that particular polypeptide. Each amino-acid has different properties (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, positively charged, negatively charged) and they interact with each other by different bonds that depend on those poperties. So the amino acids composing the proteins and their interaction, is what models the structure of the protein.
c. <em>The entire chain of amino acid exits the ribosome before it begins folding into its 3D shape</em>. TRUE. When the ribosome reaches the end codon, the elongation process has finished, and the new protein leaves the ribosome and is translocated to the RER lumen where it is going to get folded.
d. <em>The first encoded amino acid in every protein is methionine. </em>TRUE. Almost always, the first amino acid located by the tRNA is the methionine, codified by the initiation codon AUG. This amino acid is frequently eliminated at the end of the process.
