lemon juice is 100 times as acidic as tomato juice. remember, each step in the pH scale represents a change in concentration by a factor of 10. since tomato juice has a pH of 4.0, and lemon juice has a pH of 2.0, the concentration would change by 10 times 10.
Ecdysis
Ecdysis is the name of the process in which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton and forms a new one.
Ecdysis is the process in which an arthropod or an insect shed its outer cuticle (exoskeleton), and forms a new one. Ecdysis is an essential process in the growth and development of organisms. In arthropds, this process takes place after various steps that are caused by a hormone (ecdysone) that is secreted from glands behind the brain. Organisms utilize high amount of energy while forming a new cuticle, and the old cuticle that is shed in this process is known as exuviae.
Answer:
Fungi get their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds from the environment. Fungi are heterotrophic: they rely solely on carbon obtained from other organisms for their metabolism and nutrition.
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation. Secreted extracellular proteins are often glycosylated.
In proteins that have segments extending extracellularly, the extracellular segments are also often glycosylated. Glycoproteins are also often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell–cell interactions. It is important to distinguish endoplasmic reticulum-based glycosylation of the secretory system without of reversible cytosolic/nuclear glycosylation. Glycoprotein of the cytosol and nucleus can be modified through the reversible addition of a single GlcNAc residues that is consider reciprocal to phosphorylation and the functions of these are likely to be additional regulatory mechanism that controls phosphorylation-based signalling.[2] In contrast, classical secretory glycosylation can be structurally essential. For example, inhibition of asparagine-linked, i.e. N-linked, glycosylation can prevent glycoprotein folding and full inhibition can be toxic to an individual cell. In contrast, perturbations of terminal processing, which occurs in the Golgi apparatus, is dispensable for isolated cells(as evidence by survival with glycosides inhibitors) but can lead to human disease (Congenital disorders of glycosylation) and can be lethal in animal models. It is therefore likely that the fine processing of glycans is important for endogeneous functionality, such as cell trafficking, but that this is likely to have been secondary to its role in host-pathogen interactions. A famous example of this latter effect is the ABO blood system.
