The correct answer is Punishment
In the Skinner's interpretation, when punishing, the reduction observed in the response does not represent a true reduction in executing such a response, but in a strengthening of competitive responses. What would be the competitive responses? They would be the escape or the avoidance! Thus, when we punish behavior we are simply eluding or avoiding and not teaching better adapted behavior.
United States of America of course!
Answer:
Mid-life transition.
Explanation:
According to Daniel Levinson, Jim is in the <em>mid-life transition stage</em>. Daniel Levinson's theory of the seasons of a man’s life describes universal stages that stretch from infancy to elderly life. Development does not stop, it continues through adult age. The transitional period marks the end of a person’s stage as Jim's retirement from teaching high school and the beginning of a new stage in Jim's case as a professor.