Answer:
D. You cannot infer causality from a correlational study.
Explanation:
In correctional design, the main focus of the researcher is to find out the relationships that will be naturally formed if two or more variables are paired with one another.
But, sometimes the relationships that are naturally formed do not necessarily caused by the interaction by the variables.
Here is an example:
Variable 1 : Older age
Variable 2: Conservatism
On average, as people grow older , people tend to have a more conservative political view compared to the younger generations. (There is a correlation between the two)
But, the conservative ideology is not necessarily caused by the age itself. Inability to follow the current cultural trend would more likely play a bigger factor.
Well this depends on the year and the quarter but lets take the data from the 2017. In 2017, in the third quarter of the same year, US imported 10 million petroleum per day (most of it is crude oil). Out of that 10 million barrels per day 7.5% come from Saudi Arabia according to the US Energy Information Administration.
Stanley Milgram showed that individuals will cause other individuals harm if ordered by others and if they don't have a direct contact with those other people, but are separated by technology.
In his experiment, people thought they are applying electric shocks to other participant under the orders of the experimenters and most of the participants did not refuse to administer those shocks.
