Oxidative phosphorylation requires a proton gradient.
- Cells use enzymes to oxidize foods in the metabolic pathway known as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport-linked phosphorylation, or terminal oxidation, which releases chemical energy to create adenosine triphosphate.
- This happens inside mitochondria in eukaryotes. The majority of the energy required for biosynthesis, maintaining a healthy ion balance, and mechanical effort is provided by oxidative phosphorylation, which is the principal source of ATP in higher animals.
- A succession of proteins and electron carriers in the mitochondrial membrane, as well as the electron transport chain, are all involved in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Answer: amino acids
A mutation is a single or multiple event which brings a change in a genetic material of the organisms. A mutation will alter a DNA base pair that causes deletion or substitution of one amino acid in a protein encoded by a gene.
Biological molecules such as proteins and DNA reveal differences between humans and chimps that would have taken around 7 million years to accumulate.
<h3>What is DNA?</h3>
All known animals and viruses have genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer consisting of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix. Ribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid, as is DNA.
The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides because they are constructed from simpler monomeric units called nucleotides.
The four nucleobases that contain nitrogen—cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—along with deoxyribose and a phosphate group—make up each nucleotide. The sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the following make covalent bonds, creating what is known as the phospho-diester linkage, which results in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone.
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Answer: B. Neurotransmitters; C. Enzyme components; E. Hormones
Explanation: Aminoacids have a variety of functions because they can create proteins. These long and complex molecules perform important roles in different biological processes: they are responsible for the formation of enzymes and hormones. In neurotransmitters, the glutamate appears to be related to functions of the brain, like learning and memory. Other functions of the aminoacids are regeneration of muscular cells, have a role in imunology, growth of tissue, production of collagen and others.
