First you need your prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 (and so on)
Begin by dividing the smallest prime into the number 98. The smallest prime is '2', so 98 / 2 is 49. 2 will not divide into 49 so find the next highest prime that will divide into 49 evenly. It is '7' so 98 as a product of primes is:
Her brother joe made $52.08. First you need to make the percent into a decimal, like this 86% => .86. Then multiply .86 to $28. After that add what you got to $28.