Answer:
hybridization is categorized as crossing organisms that have different traits to bring together the best of each. However, this can come with some post-zygotic barriers.
Reduced hybrid viability: hybrid offspring does not survive
Reduced hybrid fertility: hybrid offspring cannot reproduce
hybrid breakdown: first generation of hybrids are viable and fertile, however, their offspring (generation 3) are sterile.
Answer:
it is used to make alcohol
it is used in bread industries
it is used to clean up the environment
Explanation:
Answer:
a. the virus must be able to cross-link red blood cells directly.
Explanation:
Viral hemagglutination assay is a method which is used for the quantification of the relative concentration of the viruses.
The principle on which the hemagglutination assay works is as follows:
- There are sialic acid receptors present on the surface of the red blood cells which will bind to the haemagglutinin glycoprotein present on the surface of the viral particle.
- Due to the binding of the sialic acid receptors with haemagglutinin particle there will be cross-linking of the red blood cells by the viral particles and a lattice formation will take place.
- The lattice will remain suspended in the solution however if the concentration of the virus particles will be less, the lattice will settle down in the well.
Thus, this method allows knowing the relative concentration of the virus.
<em>Due to its basic principle of cross-linking this method works well for only a few viruses such as influenza virus. </em>
Answer:
During anaphase 2, the chromosomes' centromeres break, and the spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart. The two split portions of the cells are officially known as "sister chromosomes" at this point.
Explanation:
