Government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests
Holland did not lose New Netherland through force. Nieuw Amsterdam was New York from 1664 to 1673, but in that year it became Dutch once more, this time under the name Nieuw Oranje, `New Orange.' ... The Anglo-Dutch<span> war was ended by the Treaty of Westminster of 1674.</span>
Implied powers are those that the "necessary and proper" language in Article I, Section 8 implies but which are not expressly defined in the constitution.
To enact all laws necessary and appropriate for carrying out the aforementioned powers, as well as all other powers granted to the United States government or any department or officer thereof by this constitution. The Necessary and Proper Clause1 closes up Article I's list of the enumerated powers of Congress by broadly stating that those powers also include the right to employ all appropriate measures to carry out those specified authorities. According to the Necessary and Proper Clause, all Implied and incidental powers that are helpful to the exercise of an enumerated power are included in the congressional power. The history of the Necessary and Proper Clause's insertion in the Constitution and its significance during the ratification discussions are first covered in this section. The section then moves on to early judicial interpretations of the Clause, culminating in Chief Justice John Marshall's famous McCulloch v. Maryland ruling from 1819. The section finishes with a discussion of contemporary Supreme Court opinions on the reach of Congress's jurisdiction under the Implied and Proper Clause, following a brief overview of the significant nineteenth-century Supreme Court decisions on the Clause after McCulloch.
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the internal validity is still manipulated by the researcher and the DV is measured.
The DV is a variable that is being measured/observed, whereas the IV is a variable that is altered to see how it impacts something else. The term "dependent" refers to the idea that the IV will have an impact on the DV.
<h3>What parallels exist between studies conducted in a lab and those conducted in the field?</h3>
Since experiments are the only way to reliably establish causality, laboratory and field experiments are comparable in that they are both helpful in determining cause and effect. Furthermore, because there is a high level of control over confounding variables, the two experiment designs have the potential to have high internal validity.
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An ionic solution would be able to conduct electricity where as the covalent would not so if you have a conductivity tester which are available in most labs you should be able to distinguish between the 2
