The wealth of East African city-states was based on Trade.
This question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is as follows:
Evadne, a teacher at an elementary school is completing a rating scale for one her students. The teacher has often complained about the student to the school counselor, leaving a bad impression about the student on the school counselor. Which of the following rating scale errors is most likely to occur?
(a) Severity
(b) Negative halo
(c) Social desirability
(d) Response Deviance
Answer:
The best answer seems to be negative halo.
Explanation:
Negative halo is also known as reverse halo effect. Halo effect refers to a cognitive bias caused by a good first impression. It happens when we allow that first impression to influence our general opinion of a person. Negative halo is, therefore, the opposite, when we allow a first bad impression to permeate our thoughts and actions toward that person. In the situation we are studying here, it is very likely that the school counselor will be influenced by the unfavorable opinions he/she has heard from the teacher.
Answer:
According to behaviorists, operant conditioning may play a key role in how the rewarding effects of drugs lead to substance use disorders.
Explanation:
According to Skinner, operant conditioning is a learning method that takes place employing rewards and punishments as a response to a particular behavior. Operant conditioning determines how an individual associates a specific behavior and its consequences, such as drugs consumption and its effects.
