When light travels from a medium with higher refractive index to a medium with lower refractive index, there is a critical angle after which all the light is reflected (so, there is no refraction).
The value of this critical angle can be derived by Snell's law, and it is equal to

where n2 is the refractive index of the second medium and n1 is the refractive index of the first medium.
In our problem, n1=1.47 and n2=1.33, so the critical angle is
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We first determine the vertex by using the formula,<span>-b/2a = vertex, in order to get the values for the t-coordinate. That is why we got
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v_y=26.5 sin(53)=21.163v_x=26.5 cos(53)=15.948
then
let x=0since you are going to land on a 3m tally=-.5(9.8)t^2+ 21.163*t
y=0=-4.9t+21.163t=4.31
vx*4.31= total distance travelled=68.88m
Then for the first wheel, you have 15.948m=vxdetermine the time when he reaches 23 meters, that is
23/15.948=1.44218 sec
substitute t with1.44218 sec, then determine the height.
h(1.44218)=20.329
determine vertex by using a graphing calculatort=2.1594s h=22.85m
using the time value of the vertex, determine horizontal distance travelled
34.438m away from cannon