Atomic number of carbon is 6 and its electronic distribution is 2, 4. Therefore, in order to become stable and completely fill its octet carbon readily share its valence electrons with another atom.
For example,
A carbon atom is also able to form a double double with valence electrons of other atom.
Thus, we can conclude that a carbon atom has a strong tendency to share electrons.
The carbon atom has atomic number 6, and it has 4 electrons in the valence shell (electronic distribution is: 1s² 2s² 2p²). To be stable, the carbon atom needs to gain electrons and will have a noble gas configuration.
However, is very difficult for an atom to donate 4 electrons. Carbon share electrons with other elements, and for that, can do 4 covalent bonds.
<span>When an electron, which is negatively charged, moves towards an electronegative atom, the electronegative atom pulls in the electron. This causes the electronegative atom to be reduced. This entire process also releases energy.</span>