The life course perspective is a somewhat new way of thinking about how an individual’s life
is determined through the occurrence of certain life events (Benson, 2001). The life course
perspective can best be conceptualized as viewing life events in the context of life stages,
turning points, and pathways, all of which are embedded in social institutions (Elder, 1985).
Integral to the life course perspective are two main concepts: trajectories and transitions. A
trajectory is a pathway over the life course, which involves long-term patterns of events, such
as employment or family history. A transition, in contrast, involves the short-term events, or
turning points, that make up specific life changes, such as marriage, divorce, or parenthood
(Elder, 1985; Thornberry, 1997). Transitions play a significant role in the direction of future
trajectories (Elder, 1985; Sampson & Laub, 1990); a person’s adaptation to a particular
transition can lead to modifications and redirections in subsequent trajectories (Elder, 1985).
Therefore, experiences in childhood affect events in adolescence and adulthood, just as
events in adolescence or adulthood can modify future trajectories (Sampson & Laub, 1990).
Given this, transitions or events at various times in the life course can have a lasting impact
on numerous outcomes during the life course through the modification of one’s larger
pathways or trajectories (Thornberry, 1997).
This chapter will take a look at the life course perspective and how its emergence has
affected criminological theory and the role of education as a preventative factor in juvenile
delinquency. Section 7.2 discusses the criminological foundations of the life course
perspective in addition to the variations of the life course perspective that can be found in
criminological theory. Section 7.3 outlines the impact that social bonding has on an
individual’s life course according to Sampson and Laub. Section 7.4 discusses other
theoretical constructs utilized in the theory. Section 7.5 summarizes the empirical support
that can be found for the theory in the literature. Section 7.6 looks specifically at how local
life circumstances impact an individual’s life course, specifically desistance from crime.
Section 7.7 focuses on the local life circumstance of education, and Section 7.8 outline
One similarity from ancient Rome and our government is the Senate. For example a senator is a person from the government in Rome that is also in the modern government. Our Senators for the state of California are Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein. A senator in the United States acts as a representative in Congress.
The answer to this question is: Invention The romans civilization was known as the civilization that made the most inventions during that period. One of their famous inventions is the development of wheels, that allow us to carry several objects that weigh several times heavier compared to our body weight.
Explanation: The claim the Christopher Columbus discovered America is not true. Below are some claims that proves this discovery as untrue.
1. Christopher Columbus made four separate trips that started with the one in 1492. Columbus landed on various Caribbean islands that are now the Bahamas as well as the island later called Hispaniola. He also explored the Central and South American coasts. But he didn’t reach North America which of course was already inhabited by Native Americans and he never thought he had found a new continent.
2. Christopher Columbus introduced the Americas to Western Europe during his four voyages to the region between 1492 and 1502. He paved the way for the massive influx of western Europeans that ultimately form several new nations including the United States, Canada and Mexico. But he never discovered America because there were plenty of people already there when he arrived.
Answer: irregular intervals. During recessions investment spending falls relatively more than consumption spending.
Explanation: Recession is a period whereby the economic activity of a country is reduced due to a fall of the GDP. During recession, investors don't invest as they risk losing all of their money.
