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pantera1 [17]
3 years ago
7

For a class project, you measure the weight in grams and the tail length in millimeters of a group of mice. The correlation is r

= 0.7. The scatterplot shows one outlier of the relationship, falling clearly below the overall pattern of points. It turns out that this mouse was sick, and you decide to exclude it from the data set. With the outlier removed, do you expect the value of r to increase, decrease, or stay the same?
Business
1 answer:
SashulF [63]3 years ago
5 0

Answer: We can expect that the correlation coefficient will increase once the outlier is removed.  

The Pearson's correlation coefficient is known to be sensitive to outliers. Outliers can inflate or deflate the correlation coefficient to the extent that it can lead to wrong conclusions.  

An outlier that is mostly consistent with the trend will inflate the correlation coefficient; while an outlier that is not consistent with the trend will decrease the correlation coefficient.  

In this case the weight and tail lengths of one mouse is inconsistent with the trend. When this data is removed from the sample, we can expect the value of r to increase.

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A monopolistically competitive firm is currently earning a positive economic profit. If other firms enter the market, we would e
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Answer: (C) will operate further from its efficient scale.

8 0
3 years ago
An example of income that would be included in the underground economy but not included in the GDP is
DENIUS [597]
<span>GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is typically defined as services, products, goods produced and bought by an national economy in a specific time frame, and is measured comparatively to a time period before. Bitcoin is an example of an underground currency that is not part of the GDP, due to no production of goods or services for the nation and not regulated by government.</span>
7 0
3 years ago
Discuss the concept of downsizing and provide 4 of the hidden costs associated with it.
MrRissso [65]

Answer:

firms that lay off staff can see a significant reduction in the performance of their remaining workers, according to our experimental study. our research suggests that firms that decide to ‘downsize’ their workforce should be wary of how the layoff decision is perceived by the remaining (“surviving”) workers. if the surviving staff interpret the decision as a way to boost profits at the cost of the workers, they might react negatively.

lay-offs are an integral part of dynamic economies. for example, in germany at least one large firm announces cuts of at least 800 jobs on each third working day of the year. lay-offs impose massive costs on the displaced workers, the regional economy and social insurances. hence, it is no surprise that layoffs are often discussed controversially in the general public and the media, and receive a lot of attention by scholars and practitioners.

from the firm’s perspective, the benefits of lay-offs seem to be obvious – in particular, labor costs and organisational slack can be reduced. firms considering laying off workers have to weigh these benefits with potential costs. some types of costs (e.g. severance payments) are more or less calculable in advance, while other costs are ex ante hard to estimate. in particular, there may be substantial costs associated with a decrease in the motivation of the workers who stay in firms after lay-offs – a phenomenon called ‘survivor syndrome’.

we set up a lab experiment with 400 students at the goethe-university frankfurt to study how non-fired employees respond to an employer’s

decision to fire a co-worker. in our experiment, employees work for an employer whose payoff depends on the employees’ performance in a real-effort task. subsequently, the employer is provided with an incentive to layoff one of her/his employees. after her/his decision for or against firing, the remaining employees continue to work for the employer.

to analyse whether the remaining employees’ performance is driven by the employer’s decision to layoff an employee or its implementation, we conduct a control treatment in which it is randomly decided whether an employee is fired or not.

we find that survivors reduce their performance substantially in response to the employer’s decision to lay off a co-worker. the reduction is strongest for survivors who interpret the employer’s decision as a method to increase profits at the cost of the workers; it is weaker if they can comprehend the layoff decision, and it vanishes (in the control treatment) if the employer is forced to fire a co-worker. it seems that the survivors in our experiment perceive an employer’s decision to lay off a co-worker as a signal that she does not expect them to perform well or cares more about her/his own payoff than the well-being of the employees. our results suggest that this negative signal leads to a decrease in employees’ performance.

our experimental results imply that firms deciding in favour of layoffs should be wary about how their decision is perceived by their workforce. in firms laying off workers, one can observe a number of business practices that are puzzling at first glance. our study can provide one potential explanations for these practices.

first, firms often use natural fluctuations to reduce the level of staffing instead of firing workers. the existence of such a policy is quite surprising – firms can more rapidly adjust their labor force by simply firing some workers. one potential explanation for this business practice could be that firms try to mitigate the survivor syndrome.

a second fact is that firms laying off workers often claim that they have “no choice”. a rational for this communication strategy could be that firms try to prevent that employees perceive the employer’s layoff decision as an attempt to increase profits at the cost of the workers. it is, however, an open question whether employees really believe management’s declaration. one way to verify declarations could be a strong cooperation with the works council.

third, research has shown that top management turnover is higher after downsizing. one explanation for this phenomenon could be that firms try to limit the negative impact of the lay-off decision by separating from the management with the lay-off history. after the separation, the new management can blame the predecessors.

a fourth fact is that firms that are downsizing often provide outplacement services for the leavers, and make financial offers for voluntary leavers (even if these offers are quite expensive and, because of their better outside options, the more able workers who separate). a rational for such business practices could be that firms try to attenuate the negative signal of the lay-off decision by the provision of positive signals.

3 0
3 years ago
The market price of hamburgers in a college town increased recently, and the students in an economics class are debating the cau
agasfer [191]

Please find attached the graphs containing the requested information

The dominant cause of the increase in the price of hamburgers can be determined by the direction of change on quantity demanded: If the equilibrium quantity of hamburgers decreases, then the supply shift in the market for hamburgers must have been larger than the demand shift.

The demand curve shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded. The demand curve is negatively sloped.

The supply curve shows the relationship between price and quantity supplied. The supply curve is positively sloped.

<u>If the increase in the price of</u><u> hamburgers</u><u> is as a result of </u><u>burger joints </u><u>closing down. </u>

If burger joints closes down, the supply of hamburgers would decrease. The supply curve would shift to the left. As a result of the leftward shift of the supply curve, equilibrium price would rise and equilibrium quantity would decrease.

<u>The increase in the price of </u><u>hamburgers</u><u> is as a result of a decrease in the price of </u><u>French fries.</u>

Hamburgers and French fries are complement goods. Complement goods are goods that are consumed together. An decrease in the price of French fries would lead to an increase in the demand for hamburgers. This would lead to a rightward shift of the demand curve while the supply curve remains unchanged. As a result, both equilibrium price and quantity would increase.

If both events are partially responsible, the supply curve would shift to the left, leading to an increase in price and a decrease in quantity and the rightward shift of the demand curve would lead to an increase in equilibrium price and quantity.

If the decrease in supply is the dominant factor, there would be a decrease in equilibrium quantity.

If the increase in demand is the dominant factor, there would be an increase in equilibrium quantity.

To learn more about demand, please check: brainly.com/question/14456267?referrer=searchResults

8 0
3 years ago
Suppose Susan is currently producing 1,000 hotdogs per month at a total cost of ​$200.00. What is her average total cost of​ pro
nadezda [96]

Answer: The answer is as follows:

Explanation:

(1) Average total cost = \frac{Total\ cost}{Quantity}

= \frac{200}{1000}

= 0.2

(2) Cost of producing an additional unit of hot-dog = 200.08 - 200

= $0.08

∴ Marginal cost of producing the 1,001th is $0.08.

(3) Here, the marginal cost of production is less than the average total cost of production then the average total cost of production must be falling. It is due to the fact that marginal cost is the change in total cost that is arises from the change in the quantity by one unit.

Therefore, Average total cost of production must be falling.

5 0
3 years ago
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