Breathing, burning something/ fire, or i guess photosynthesis
The four limitations are
1.It's often impossible to repeat trials on the same subjects.
2-Subjects may report an inaccurate medical history.
3-It can be difficult to control all possible variables.
4-It's impossible to come up with testable scientific questions for human subjects.
Research involving human beings is ultimately necessary for improvements in human health and welfare. Any results about healthy physiology, illness causes, treatment effectiveness, learning, or behavior must be verified by carefully controlled investigations involving human participants. Sadly, not all human research have been valid and beneficial. It is possible to harm people in the name of research. The most well-known instances happened in Nazi Germany. Investigations conducted after the war found several crimes, including experiments in which participants were submerged in extremely cold water to determine how long it would take them to pass away from hypothermia.
Learn more about Medical research here
brainly.com/question/15215894
#SPJ10
Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Correct answer: C) Nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere
Biogeochemical cycles are cycles by which essential elements of a living organism are circulated continuously. It consider the biological, chemical, and geological aspect of each cycle.
The most important biogeochemical cycles are nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, water cycle, oxygen cycle and phosphorous cycle.
Biogeochemical cycle always have a state of equilibrium, and the state of equilibrium is attained when there is balance in cycling of element among the compartment.
Answer:
The correct answer is option c, that is, lactic acid.
Explanation:
One can determine the anaerobic function of muscles by observing the levels of lactic acid buildup in muscles. The production of lactic acid in muscles takes place by the process of anaerobic respiration. At the time of rigorous training or exercise, one requires more amount of energy for a short burst of time.
As oxygen is already used for higher purposes in the body, the levels of oxygen get reduced for performing any more activities. Thus, in order to generate more energy the process of anaerobic respiration takes place. Anaerobic respiration is the form of respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen. In the process, one molecule of glucose gets transformed into two molecules of lactic acid, which gets accumulated in the muscles. This production of lactic acid provides a quick form of energy, which is utilized at the time of intense training and thus, one can check the anaerobic functioning of the muscles by observing the levels of lactic acid in the muscles.
