1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Svetllana [295]
3 years ago
7

Basic bond valuation Complex Systems has an outstanding issue of ​$1 comma 000​-par-value bonds with a 16​% coupon interest rate

. The issue pays interest annually and has 11 years remaining to its maturity date. a. If bonds of similar risk are currently earning a rate of return of 9​%, how much should the Complex Systems bond sell for​ today? b. Describe the two possible reasons why the rate on​ similar-risk bonds is below the coupon interest rate on the Complex Systems bond. c. If the required return were at 16​% instead of 9​%, what would the current value of Complex​ Systems' bond​ be? Contrast this finding with your findings in part a and discuss.
Business
1 answer:
salantis [7]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

a. Complex Systems' bond price​ today = $1,476.36

Explanation:

a. If bonds of similar risk are currently earning a rate of return of 9​%, how much should the Complex Systems bond sell for​ today?

This can be calculated by adding the Present Value of Coupons and the Present Value of Par Value as follows:

<u>Calculation of Present Value of Coupons</u>

The present of coupons is calculated using the formula for calculating the present value of an ordinary annuity as follows:

Present value of coupons = C × [{1 - [1 ÷ (1 + r)]^n} ÷ r] …………………………………. (1)

Where;

C = Annual coupon amount = Par value * Coupon rate = $1,000 * 16% = $160

r = required rate of return or return of similar risk = 9%, or 0.09

n = number of years = 11

Substitute the values into equation (1) to have:

Present value of coupons = $160 × [{1 - [1 ÷ (1 + 0.09)]^11} ÷ 0.09] = $1,088.83

<u>Calculation of Present Par of Value</u>

To calculate this, we use the present value formula as follows:

Present Value of Par Value = Par value / (1 + r)^n

Since Par Value is $1000 and r and n are as already given above, we have:

Present value of Par Value = $1,000 / (1 + 0.09)^11 = $387.53

Therefore, we have:

Complex Systems' bond price​ today = Present value of coupons + Present value of Par Value = $1,088.83 + $387.53 = $1,476.36

b. Describe the two possible reasons why the rate on​ similar-risk bonds is below the coupon interest rate on the Complex Systems bond.

The following are the possible two reasons:

1. Interest may vary bust the coupon is fixed. What can cause the interest rate to vary is the bond rating by rating agency. But his will not affect the coupon rate which is fixed. When the rating is high, the interest will be low. But when the rating is low, the interest will be high. This indicates a negative relationship between the rating and the interest rate.

2. The level of demand may also influence the interest rate to change. When the demand is high, the interest will be low. But when the demand is low, the interest will be high. This also indicates a negative relationship between the demand and the interest rate.

c. If the required return were at 16​% instead of 9​%, what would the current value of Complex​ Systems' bond​ be? Contrast this finding with your findings in part a and discuss.

To do this, we simply change he required return to 16% (or 0.16) in part a and proceed as follows:

Present value of coupons at 16% = $160 × [{1 - [1 ÷ (1 + 0.16)]^11} ÷ 0.016] = $804.58

Present value of Par Value at 16% = $1,000 / (1 + 0.16)^11 = $195.42

Complex Systems' bond price​ today at 16% = $804.58 + $195.42 = $1,000.00

Comparing part c result with part a result shows that if the coupon rate is greater than the required rate of return, the bond is sold at a premium. That is, price of bond will be more than par. As it can be seen in part a, the price of bond is $1,476.36 when the coupon rate of 16% is greater than the required return of 9%.

Also, the bond will be sold at par when the coupon rate and require return are equal. This is shown in part c where the bond is sold at $1,000 when both coupon rate and required return rate are equal to 16%.

By implication, we can also infer without doing any calculation that the bond will be sold at a discount if the coupon rate is less than the required rate of return.

You might be interested in
Philip Morris expects the sales for his clothing company to be $670,000 next year. Philip notes that net assets (Assets − Liabil
shutvik [7]

Answer:

the ending cash balance is $330,300

Explanation:

The computation of the ending cash balance is shown below:

Ending cash balance = Opening cash balance + Profit

= $270,000 + (9% × $670,000)

= $270,000 + $60,300

= $330,300

We simply added the opening cash balance and the profit so that the ending cash balance could come

Hence, the ending cash balance is $330,300

7 0
2 years ago
LPM’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 13 percent if the firm does not have to issue new common equity; if new common
erica [24]

Answer:

Projects D and E should be purchased.

Explanation:

since the firm's capital structure is 60% debt and 40% equity, it can pursue up to 2 projects. Only projects D, E and F have an internal rate of return higher than the company's WACC, so project G is discarded immediately.

Since projects D and E have a higher IRR, they should be selected.

  • project D: $70,000, IRR = 18%, debt = $42,000, equity = $28,000
  • project E: $85,000, IRR = 15%, debt = $51,000, equity = $34,000
  • total equity invested = $62,000

6 0
3 years ago
Verve, a successful soap manufacturer, sells luxury soaps exclusively for women under the brands Verve Opulent, Verve Imperial,
harkovskaia [24]
It will be verve divine
5 0
3 years ago
Self-Study Problem 10-1 Master Budget
natita [175]

Answer:

a.-Sales Budget (in dollars).      

     

Budgeted sales in units     6,000

Budgeted selling price per unit            $40  

Budgeted sales              $240,000  

     

     

b.  Production Budget (in units)  

 

     

Desired ending inventory (July 31)      

(The higher of 100 and 7,000 x 0,1)     700

Budgeted sales for July 2002    + 6,000

Total units needed for July 2002     6700

Beginning inventory (July 1)    -  

(The higher of 100 and 6,000 x 0,1)     600

Units to manufacture in July     6100

C.-Production Budget (in units)  

for August 2002  

Desired ending inventory (8,000 x 0,1)     800

Budgeted sales    + 7,000

Total units needed     7800

Beginning inventory    - 700

Units to manufacture in August     7100

d.-Direct Materials Purchases Budget (in pounds)      

For July 2002      

      Direct Materials  

     Dura-tOOO  Flexplas

     (4Ib. each)  (2Ib. each)

       

d Materials required for budgeted        

production (6,100 units of duraflex)     24,400    12,200  

Add: Target inventories (lower of 1,000 or 5 percent of        

August production needs)   1,420   710   1000   710  

Total materials requirements      25,400    12,910  

Less: Expected beginning inventories (lower of 1,000 orr 5 percent)                                                                                     .                                                      1,220   610   1000   610  

Direct materials to be purchased    24,400    12,300  

e.Direct Materials Purchases Budget (in dollars)        For July 2002        

     Budgeted  Expected  

     Purchases  Purchase  

     (Pounds)  Price per Unit  Total

Dura-lOOO      24,400    $1.25    $30,500  

Flexplas       12,300    $5.00    $61,500  

Budgeted purchases         $92,000  

Explanation:

The firm's policy is to maintain a minimum of 100 units of duraflex on hand at alltimes with no fewer than 10 percent of units on hand at the end of a period to meet              

the expected sales for the following month. 100     10%  

             

All materials inventories are to be maintained at 5 ercent of the production needs for the next month, 5%  but not to exceed 1000 pounds 1000                      

The firm expects all inventories at the end of June to be within the Guidelines.

The purchase department expects the materials to cost $1.25 per pound          $1.25 and $5.00 per pound of dura-lOOO and flexplas, respectively.          $5.00      

             

The production process requires direct labor at two skill levels.          rate per unit  The rate for labor at the K102 level is $50 per hour and           $50.00   $0.50 for the K175 level is $20 per hour.   $20.00      

The K102 level can process one batch of duraflex per hour;          1  each batch consists of 100 units. 100  No. of units in one hour rate per unit              

The manufacturing of duraflex also requires one-tenth of an hour of K175 workers' time 0.10  10.0   $2.00  for each unit manufactured.                          

Manufactured overhead is allocated at the rate of $200 per batch and $30 per $200.00  per batch DIirect labor-hour. $30.00  per direct labor-hour.    

       

6 0
3 years ago
Use the following information to determine the ending cash balance to be reported on the month ended June 30 cash budget.
Georgia [21]

Answer:

$47,000

Explanation:

The cash budget is a forecast of the company's expected movement in cash considering the expected outflows and inflows. This movements result in a change between the opening and ending cash balance. This may be expressed mathematically as

Opening balance + Cash receipts - Cash disbursed = ending balance

Cash receipts for the period

= $264,000

Cash disbursed

= $138,000 + $80,000 + $10,000 + $15,000

= $243,000

ending balance  = $26,000 + $264,000 - $243,000

= $47,000

5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Suppose the tax rate on the first​ $10,000 income is 0​ percent; 10 percent on the next​ $20,000; 20 percent on the next​ $20,00
    12·1 answer
  • Promissory estoppel is​ a(n) _____ doctrine that permits a court to order enforcement of a contract that lacks​ _____.
    11·1 answer
  • There has been extensive research into the time-driven model of leadership. The results include all of the following except ____
    11·1 answer
  • The plaintiff alleges that the defendant spread rumors and gossip about her and her business. From the start, the plaintiff appe
    15·1 answer
  • At age 37 you start saving for retirement if your investment plan pays an APR of 6% and you want to have $.09 million when you r
    14·1 answer
  • Airline Accessories has the following current assets: cash, $96 million; receivables, $88 million; inventory, $176 million; and
    7·1 answer
  • The University could continue to use the present bus for the next seven years. Whether the present bus is used or a new bus is p
    7·1 answer
  • Lila and Jillian both own small businesses in the town where they live. The women are friends and often get together to discuss
    15·1 answer
  • Product warranties, effects of environmental problems, and lawsuits are examples of transactions or events that give rise to
    6·1 answer
  • ​a network of manufacturers and service providers that work together to convert and move goods from the raw materials stage thro
    9·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!