Hello!
Recall the equation for gravitational force:

Fg = Force of gravity (N)
G = Gravitational constant
m1, m2 = masses of objects (kg)
r = distance between the objects' center of masses (m)
There is a DIRECT relationship between mass and gravitational force.
We are given:

If we were to double one mass and triple another, according to the equation:

Thus:

True: All matter on earth is made up of atoms.
False: Subatomic particles don't identify an element. I give you an electron. Can you tell me where it came from?
False: (1/2) A neutron has no charge [That's the True part]. It identifies the element. (Not true).
True: description of an electron.
True: description of a proton
Explanation:
The mass of a ball, m = 2 kg
It is traveling with a speed of 10 m/s
The ball's kinetic energy just as it leaves the boy's hand is calculated as follows :

The ball's kinetic energy just as it leaves the boy's hand is 100 J. The potential energy of the ball when it reaches the highest point is same as the kinetic energy as it leaves the boy's hand.
Hence, the required kinetic and potential energy is 100 J.
A cation
Cations are positive ions that have lost an electron