A nurse's initial action should be to ask to see a copy of the advance directive.
Nurses have a moral obligation to ensure that healthcare advocates base their decisions on the patient's wishes. When a patient is helpless and irreplaceable, caregivers should support decisions that are best for the patient and ensure that all values are upheld.
If you are healthy become seriously ill or are unable to make medical decisions in the future talk to your healthcare provider about completing your living will. Otherwise, ask who would like to make decisions if the patient is no longer able to make them.
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can u pls explain the question a bit more clearly
Subsequent INR readings are influenced by the dose, method, and initial INR of vitamin K. For intravenous vitamin K doses of 2 mg or more, INR decrease is comparable. FFP preadministration has no effect on INR readings 48 hours or more after vitamin K administration.
What is Abstract of Vitamin K dosing to reverse warfarin based on INR, route of administration, and home warfarin dose in the acute/critical care setting?
- Commonly, vitamin K is used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. The ideal vitamin K dosage and delivery method that does not lengthen bridging therapy are still unclear.
- To ascertain the elements affecting the level and pace of vitamin K-induced INR reversal in the acute/critical care setting.
- 400 patients' charts from between February 2008 and November 2010 who got vitamin K to counteract the effects of warfarin were examined. International normalized ratios (INRs), intravenous or oral vitamin K doses, and whether or not fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administered were among the information gathered. INRs were measured 12, 24, and 48 hours before vitamin K treatment.
- At baseline, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, respectively, intravenous vitamin K decreased INR more quickly than oral vitamin K (5.09, 1.91, 1.54, and 1.41 vs. 5.67, 2.90, 2.14, and 1.58). Subsequent INR values were impacted by baseline INR (p 0.001), method of administration (p 0.001), and vitamin K dosage (p 0.001). For intravenous vitamin K doses of 2 mg or more, there was a similar drop in INR. Home warfarin dose had no effect on INR responses to intravenous or oral vitamin K (p = 0.98 and 0.27, respectively). FFP had no effect on INR readings 48 hours later. Although larger vitamin K doses and longer anticoagulation bridge therapy appeared to be related, neither the incidence (p = 0.63) nor the duration (p = 0.61) were statistically significant.
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Answer: a) Absence of adventitious breath sounds
Explanation: Pulmonary edema is the health condition that happens due to extra lung fluid which lead to issue in breathing. The patient has pulmonary edema which has connection with heart failure. Effective treatment will be indicated by elimination of the abnormal breath sounds over the lungs of the patient.
So, the client can breathe normally .Other options are incorrect because non-productive cough is dry cough which not a good sign of treatment, respiratory rate should be normal and not less as it indicates abnormality .SaO2 86% air in the room is not relevant with the situation.Thus, the correct option is option(a)
