Answer: Classical conditioning.
Explanation:
Classical conditioning is defined as learning process in which two stimuli is linked togather to generate a response. Biologically influential and strong stimuli is subjected with formerly neutral stimuli.
According to the question, as Stephanie has got many penicillin injections from doctor , she recognizes that injections received from white-coat people(doctor) give her pain. Due to this learning, she recognized white coat photographer as doctor who will give injection and thus, started to cry
Answer:
Variable Ratio Schedule
Explanation:
First, there are two different types of reinforcement:
The positive reinforcement applies a stimulus to increase the frequency of the desirable variable.
The negative reinforcement removes a stimulus to increase the frequency of the desirable variable.
However, the positive reinforcement divides itself in different types:
A continuous reinforcement schedule gives us a reinforcement every time we engaged in the desired conduct.
On the other side, the partial reinforcement schedule also divides itself in
And these divide themselves in fixed or variable.
- The fixed ratio schedule gives a reinforcement after a <u>fixed number</u> of desired responses.
- The variable ratio schedule gives a reinforcement after a <u>changing</u> <u>number</u> of desired responses.
- The fixed interval schedule gives a reinforcement after a <u>constant amount of time.</u>
- The variable interval schedule gives a reinforcement after a <u>variable amount of time.</u>
In the example, the rats get a pellet of food, so we're talking about a reinforcement. They <u>don't get a reward EVERY TIME</u> they press the bar so we are not talking about a continuous reinforcement but a partial reinforcement. Since the rats press the bar and get a reward after certain <u>NUMBER</u> of times, we're talking about a ratio schedule. Finally, the number of times they need to press the bar to get a reward <u>VARIES</u> from trial to trial so this is a Variable Ratio Schedule.
Households dissave when en their consumption exceeds their incomes. The extra money comes from two sources: credit and past incomes, also known as savings. When a house dissaves it can either borrow money from financial institutions or spend money that was previously saved. Everyone cannot dissave at the same time because banks would not have enough money to fund everybody's excessive consumption.
The prosperity of the 1920s led to new patterns of consumption, or purchasing consumer goods like radios, cars, vacuums, beauty products or clothing. The expansion of credit in the 1920s allowed for the sale of more consumer goods and put automobiles within reach of average Americans.
You can use this as reasoning for it being a positive.
These animals were raised in a controlled environment. Many plants are unable to survive in such a harsh environment. Heredity and environment are both important. Pollution is bad for the environment
