Crossed-extensor reflex prevents you from falling when you suddenly lift one foot off the ground in response to pain.
- A withdrawal reflex is the crossed extensor reflex. In the withdrawing limb, the extensors relax while the flexors contract, but in the other limb, the opposite happens.
- This can be seen, for instance, when someone steps on a nail; the affected leg pulls away, while the other leg bears the weight of the entire body.
- Contralateral means that the crossed extensor reflex takes place on the side of the body that is opposite from the stimulus.
- Afferent nerve fiber branches travel from the stimulated side of the body to the opposite side of the spinal cord to cause this response.
- They make connections with interneurons there, which then stimulate or inhibit alpha motor neurons to he muscles of the contralateral limb.
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Answer:
1. Allele frequency of b = 0.09 (or 9%)
2. Allele frequency of B = 0.91 (0.91%)
3. Genotype frequency of BB = 0.8281 (or 82.81%)
4. Genotype frequency of Bb = 0.1638 (or 16.38%)
Explanation:
Given that:
p = the frequency of the dominant allele (represented here by B) = 0.91
q = the frequency of the recessive allele (represented here by b) = 0.09
For a population in genetic equilibrium:
p + q = 1.0 (The sum of the frequencies of both alleles is 100%.)
(p + q)^2 = 1
Therefore:
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
in which:
p^2 = frequency of BB (homozygous dominant)
2pq = frequency of Bb (heterozygous)
q^2 = frequency of bb (homozygous recessive)
p^2 = 0.91^2 = 0.8281
2pq = 2(0.91)(0.9) = 0.1638
If a human system fails to function properly, what is the most likely result a disturbance in homeostasis
Anatomical adaptations involve every change in the organism's external structure. Option B. A feature of the organism's body that helps it survive and reproduce.
<h3>What is an anatomical adaptation?</h3>
Anatomical adaptations are changes in the external structure of the organisms that help them survive and reproduce in a certain environment.
These adaptations allow the organisms
- to camouflage if necessary (to scape from a predator or to hunt their prey, for instance),
- to protect themselves by imitating dangerous species' colors and shapes,
- to develop special structures needed to feed and move in that specific environment.
There are other two types of adaptations apart from anatomical ones. These are physiological and behavioral adaptations.
<u>Options</u>
A. a system present within the organism that allows it to perform a biochemical reaction ⇒ This is a physiological adaptation
B. a feature of the organism's body that helps it survive and reproduce ⇒ This is an anatomical adaptation
C. a response from the organism that changes it's behavior to help it survive and reproduce ⇒ This is a behavioral adaptation
The correct option is B. a feature of the organism's body that helps it survive and reproduce
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Answer:
All four forces are acting in the same direction
