Answer:
genotype is responsible for establishing phenotype
Explanation:
When Mendel experimented with pea plants, concept of genes and alleles had not come up yet. Through his experiments Mendel first proved that some type of combination in cells leads to a particular phenotype.
He coined the term "factors" which are today known as alleles. These factors paired up and displayed a particular phenotype. Today we know that the alleles are responsible for a genotype which ultimately results in a phenotype. Hence, he established that genotype is responsible for establishing phenotype even before the term genotype was coined.
Answer - The chromosomes has to be crucially duplicated and it happens actively during the resting phase or interphase.
Reasoning - During the resting phase or interphase you call it, Is important to have the same exact DNA or Chromosomes to be duplicated. If the chromosomes did not duplicate during the interphase then the split of the cell would be unbalance and uneven and likely to cause defects.
Refuted. This happens, as explained in the question , when the result does not support the hypothesis.
Decomposer, they eat dead organic material