Answer:
Positive charge. They are the opposite of electrons.
Answer:
- Can leverage Next Generation Sequencing technology to identify and characterize organisms
- Has resources to support analysis at the DOE-JGI site.
- Can identify microbiologic organisms without traditional isolation and culturing of individual organisms.
Explanation:
Metagenomics can be defined as the study of whole genomes of biological communities recovered from environmental samples. This genomic field has enabled the discovery of new species (microorganisms) and their effects on the environment. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies allow to obtain huge amounts of genomic data, which has been a limitation in genomics and metagenomics. Metagenomic NGS (mNGS) is a technique used for sequencing nucleic acids present in a biological sample containing mixed populations of microorganisms. Finally, the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) is a referent in metagenomic analysis, especially in genome assembly data obtained from microbial communities. This Science User Facility has developed a series of bioinformatics tools and databases in order to analyze metagenomic information.
Answer:
(C) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have an additional active site that binds to non-cognate tRNAs. The tRNAs that bind to this second active are hydrolyzed and released from the enzyme.
Explanation:
In case of translation, proof reading is done by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases only. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have two mechanisms to avoid error during translation which are mentioned as under:
<u>(1) Chemical proof reading:</u> Incorrect amino acids rather than being hydrolyzed in catalytic pocket get hydrolyzed in editing pocket and thus they hardly get attached to tRNA.
For example: For distinguishing similar amino acids like isoleucine and valine, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase uses a second active site which is meant for only valine not for isoleucine. In this particular site, valine which had entered the enzyme is cleaved away with the help of editing reaction after which the enzyme is well prepared to process isoleucine which is the correct amino acid for this enzyme.
<u>(2) Kinetic proof reading: </u>Even if an incorrect amino acid has entered a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, it does not cause appropriate conformational change in the enzyme because of which the incorrect amino acid loosens from the enzyme and does not get incorporated.
Note: In this example, only chemical proof reading is mentioned not kinetic proof reading.
Answer:
1,3,4
A dichotomous key uses questions or statements to help identify organisms, it also uses characteristics in it's questions ( that may be yes-no) and statements to help separate organisms from one another.
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Explanation:
