Question

which theory of plate movements involves magma rising all the way from the lower mantle to spread apart plates

Answer 1

Hot plumes is the answer

Answer 2

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Good question!

"Which theory of plate movements involves magma rising all the way from the lower mantle to spread apart plates" is known as: "Hot Plumes" Further information may be provided at:

"A pour plate is an alternative method for using agar plates to obtain isolated colonies. Pour plates are used when it is necessary to know the number of organisms present per unit volume of specimen or other sample. When a specific aliquot is placed in the Petri dish, a count of the colonies that grow after incubation reveals their concentration in the original sample. Pour plates are used commonly in the bacteriologic examination of milk, or could also be used to determine whether sufficient bacterial numbers are present in urine samples to signify the patient has a urinary tract infection. The number of bacteria in solution can be readily quantified by using the spread plate technique. In this technique, the sample is appropriately diluted and a small aliquot transferred to an agar plate. The bacteria are then distributed evenly over the surface by a special streaking technique. After colonies are grown, they are counted and the number of bacteria in the original sample calculated. Streaking in this technique is done using a bent glass rod. 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension is placed in the center of the plate using a sterile pipet. The glass rod is sterilized by first dipping it into a 70% alcohol solution and then passing it quickly through the Bunsen burner flame. The burning alcohol sterilizes the rod at a cooler temperature than holding the rod in the burner flame thus reducing the chance of you burning your fingers. When all the alcohol has burned off and the rod has air-cooled, streak the rod back and forth across the plate working up and down several times. Unlike streaking for isolation, you want to backtrack many times in order to distribute the bacteria as evenly as possible. Turn the plate 90 degrees and repeat the side to side, up and down streaking. Turn the plate 45 degrees and streak a third time. Do not sterilize the glass rod between plate turnings. Cover the plate and wait several minutes before turning it upside down for incubation. This will allow the broth to soak into the plate so the bacteria won't drip onto the plate lid."

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