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Allisa [31]
3 years ago
8

Risk of using bio pharmaceuticals

Biology
1 answer:
Ray Of Light [21]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

The potential risks associated with plant-based pharmaceuticals include: pollen transfer to related species, contamination of non-transgenic crops intended for the consumption by humans, allergic reactions to the drugs produced from the genetically engineered plant, and persistence of genetically engineered material to persist in the environment and accumulate in non-target organisms. Risk assessment of plant-made pharmaceuticals should be reviewed on a case-by-case basis because the plants used to produce proteins each have different risks associated with them.

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Can anyone tell me the ratio of the genotype and phenotype ???
iogann1982 [59]
<h2>Hey There!</h2><h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Answer:</h2><h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Phenotype:</h2>

It is the physical appearance of the trait, whether the person has smooth chin or cleft chin.

<h2>Genotype:</h2>

A genotype refers to the genetic characteristics of an organism's trait, if it is heterozygous or hom.ozygous, recessive or dominant.

<h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Alleles:</h2>

Cleft chin C is dominant over smooth chin c

<h2>Genotypes of Parents:</h2><h3>FATHER:</h3>

Father has smooth chin thus, it is hom.ozygous recessive i.e. cc

<h3>MOTHER:</h3>

Mother has cleft chin, since cleft chin is dominant there are two possibilities of her genotype,

                           Heterozygous Dominant : Cc

                           Hom.zygous Dominant : CC

but if we cross the hom.zygous fominant mother to hom.ozygous recessive father we will get all the offsprings with the same genotype phenotype so it is not possibile, So the mother is HETEROZYGOUS DOMINANT Cc

<h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2><u>Question</u>:</h2><h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Genotypes of Parents:</h2>

FATHER: cc (Hom.ozygous Recessive)

MOTHER: Cc (Heterozygous Dominant)

<h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Punnet Square:</h2>

Picture attached!

Picture no 1: it is the cross between hom.ozygous recessive father and hom.ozygous dominant mother and all the offsprings are same both phenotypic and genotypic way so IT IS NOT POSSIBILE

Picture no 2: Its cross between hom.ozygous recessive father and heterozygous dominant mother and there are hybrid and pure recessive both type of offsprings present thus IT IS POSSIBLE!

<h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Genotype Ratio of the Offspring:</h2>

Hybrid : Pure Recessive

2 : 2 or 1 : 1

<h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Phenotype Ratio of the Offspring:</h2>

Cleft Chin : Smooth Chin

2 : 2 or 1 : 1

<h2>_____________________________________</h2><h2>Best Regards,</h2><h2>'Borz'</h2><h2 />

5 0
3 years ago
How does an increase in sea surface temperature affect the water cycle?
wlad13 [49]
Any increase in temperature will result in increased evaporation from the surface of the oceans and continents. Heating of the waters, in turn, releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and, with it, the Earth's temperature.
5 0
3 years ago
Number of different amino acids that make up all proteins
klemol [59]

Answer:

List of the 20 Amino Acids

Amino Acid 3-Letter Abbreviation 1-Letter Abbreviation Class of Amino Acid (Side Chain) Hydrophobicity Index (100 being extremely hydrophobic, 0 being neutral, and -55 being hydrophilic) Structure pKa of COOH group pKa of NH3+ group pKa of R group Molecular Weight [g/mol] alpha helix beta sheet Reverse turn

Glycine Gly G Aliphatic, nonpolar Neutral (0 at pH = 2; 0 at pH = 7)

2.4 9.8 -- 75.07 0.43 0.58 1.77

Alanine Ala A Aliphatic, nonpolar Hydrophobic (47 at pH = 2; 41 at pH = 7)

2.4 9.9 -- 89.1 1.41 0.72 0.82

Valine Val V Aliphatic, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (79 at pH = 2; 76 at pH = 7)

2.3 9.7 -- 117.15 0.90 1.87 0.41

Leucine Leu L Aliphatic, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (100 at pH = 2; 97 at pH = 7)

2.3 9.7 -- 131.18 1.34 1.22 0.57

Isoleucine Ile I Aliphatic, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (100 at pH = 2; 99 at pH = 7)

2.3 9.8 -- 131.18 1.09 1.67 0.47

Methionine Met M Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (74 at pH = 2; 74 at pH = 7)

2.1 9.3 -- 149.21 1.30 1.14 0.52

Serine Ser S Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, polar Neutral (-7 at pH = 2; -5 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.2 -- 105.09 0.57 0.96 1.22

Cysteine Cys C Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, polar Hydrophobic (52 at pH = 2; 49 at pH = 7)

1.9 10.7 8.4 121.16 0.66 2.40 0.54

Threonine Thr T Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, polar Neutral (13 at pH = 2; 13 at pH = 7)

2.1 9.1 -- 119.12 0.76 1.17 0.96

Proline Pro P Cyclic Hydrophilic (-46 at pH = 2; -46 at pH = 7)

2.0 9.6 -- 115.13 0.34 0.31 1.32

Phenylalanine Phe F Aromatic Very Hydrophobic (92 at pH = 2; 100 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.3 -- 165.19 1.16 1.33 0.59

Tyrosine Tyr Y Aromatic Hydrophobic (49 at pH = 2; 63 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.2 10.5 181.19 0.74 1.45 0.76

Tryptophan Trp W Aromatic Very Hydrophobic (84 at pH = 2; 97 at pH = 7)

2.5 9.4 -- 204.25 1.02 1.35 0.65

Histidine His H Basic Hydrophilic at pH=2 (-42), Neutral at pH=7 (8)

1.8 9.3 6.0 155.16 1.05 0.80 0.81

Lysine Lys K Basic Hydrophilic (-37 at pH = 2; -23 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.1 10.5 146.188 1.23 0.69 1.07

Arginine Arg R Basic Hydrophilic (-26 at pH = 2; -14 at pH = 7)

1.8 9.0 12.5 174.2 1.21 0.84 0.90

Aspartate Asp D Acidic Neutral at pH=2 (-18), Hydrophilic at pH=7 (-55)

2.0 9.9 3.9 133.10 0.99 0.39 1.24

Glutamate Glu E Acidic Neutral at ph=2 (8), Hydrophilic at pH=7 (-31)

2.1 9.5 4.1 147.13 1.59 0.52 1.01

Asparagine Asn N Acidic, polar Hydrophilic (-41 at pH = 2; -28 at pH = 7)

2.1 8.7 -- 132.118 0.76 0.48 1.34

Glutamine Gln

8 0
4 years ago
The testing of a hypothesis in duplicate with only one factor being different
sveta [45]
<span>An assumed explanation for a problem.</span>
5 0
4 years ago
5. Circle the three anti-codons at the
mixas84 [53]

Answer:

5. Circled in red on attachment

6. Green arrows on attachment

7. Orange box in the attachment

8. Circled red on attachment

9. Blue boxes on attachment

10. Black line on attachment

11. It has already disassociated

12. Purple rectangle in attachment

13. GAC

14. Leucine

Explanation:

I think most of this worksheet is to be completed on your own model of transcription that you have made, however, I will label the diagram

5. tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome. They are recognisable by their "cloverleaf" shape. In the picture, you can see that they are attached to amino acids (and you can even see some in the ribosome). The codons are on the opposite side of the tRNA to the amino acid, and are 3 bases complementary to the codon on the mRNA, represented here as 3 rectangles.

6. As described above, you can see some tRNAs in the ribosome. These tRNAs have paired up with complementary codons on the mRNA strand via their anti-codons. This is indicated by the green arrow. This is how the mRNA dictates the sequence of the polypeptide chain and makes protein

7. I think this question is just checking you know where the amino acid goes. The amino acid is attached to the opposite site of the anti-codon indicated in the image.

8. The anticodon in the tRNA has been indicated in question 5. Anticodons refer to three bases that are complementary to a specific codon on mRNA, and specify a particular amino acid

9. Each codon refers to each triplet of nucleotides in the mRNA. I have indicated this as blue boxes on the mRNA transcript. You can tell where they are based on where the tRNA is binding, always in 3s

10. See the black line, this is a called a peptide bond, and is the bond that joins together the amino acids in a growing polypeptide chain. I have drawn it between the first two amino acids in the second image. The amino acids represent a string of molecules linked using this peptide bond, which is a covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction

11. The first tRNA is not shown in the second diagram because the peptide bond has already formed between Valine and Histidine, so the tRNA that brought Valine to the machinery has disassociated from Valine and the ribosome. It is then free to bind another Valine and join in other translation processes

12. The third codon is CUG. We can see the first codon is GUG, then CAU, and the next is CUG. This is labelled with a purple rectangle in the attachment

13. Base pairing rules state that C pairs with G, and that A pairs with U (or T on DNA). The codon is CUG, therefore the anti-codon must be GAC

14. Each codon corresponds to a particular amino acid sequence. The codon CUG corresponds to the amino acid Leucine. You can find this using a codon table, like the one attached here

6 0
4 years ago
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