Your answer would be valence electrons, i believe.
Answer:
Weakening of digestive smooth muscle with age can cause constipation.
Explanation:
Smooth muscles in the digestive system have the role to move food down the tract via radially symmetrical contractions (peristalsis). With age, the function of smooth muscles reduces, causing the food to move more slowly through the alimentary canal (digestive tract). As a consequence, water gets absorbed from food waste, which can cause constipation.
Answer:
Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid.
Explanation:
Active deffusion.. this way the water is retained and the unnecessary salts ions are expelled out.
Answer:
What can be inferred about the evolution of the cranium and the vertebral column from examining hagfishes and lampreys? Comparison of hagfishes with lampreys shows that the cranium evolved first in early vertebrates, as it is seen in hagfishes, which evolved earlier than lampreys.
Explanation:
I hope this helps!
