Multicellular organisms begin as a single cell. These cells then grow and undergo differentiation, the process by which cells develop specialized forms and functions.In multicellular organisms, cells are often organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.
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Most proteins in living organisms are composed of 40 amino acid residues in total, and nine of those are crucial for human health.
Which majority of amino acids make up proteins in living things?
- Only twenty different amino acids, each with a distinct side chain, make up proteins. Different chemistries can be found in the side chains of amino acids. The majority of amino acids contain side chains that are nonpolar.
- There are nine essential amino acids:
- tryptophan
- valine
- isoleucine
- leucine
- lysine
- methionine
- phenylalanine
- threonine
- methionine
What Constitutes Proteins?
- Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. They are tiny chemical compounds with an alpha (central) carbon coupled to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, hydrogens, and a changeable element known as a side chain.
- A protein is made up of a lengthy chain of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. The biological process that links the carboxyl unit of one amino acid towards the amino group of a nearby amino acid results in the extraction of a water molecule, forming peptide bonds. The main structure of a protein is thought to be its linear amino acid sequence.
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7. Adenine (A), Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA.
8. In DNA Cytosine always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine.
9. The sequence of nucleotides carries the genetic information of an organism.
10. The process of replication produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information which is passed on to a new cell.
11. The double-coiled shape of DNA is called a double helix
Explanation:
There are four nitrogenous bases in the DNA of an organism. Two of the bases are pyrimidines eg: Thymine and cytosine while 2 of the bases are purine bases namely adenine and guanine. The purine of one strand forms a hydrogen bond with pyrimidine of the parallel strand of DNA.
The bases are present in nucleoplasm as dNMPs and in DNA they are present as dNTPs (deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate). During replication, these dNMPS keeps on bonding with other dNMPs in the presence of ATP and as DNA Polymerase, ligase topoisomerase etc. These nucleotides form the DNA strands and they are responsible for coding proteins. The sequence of DNA is also termed as gene.
The double helix structure of DNA was given by Watson and Crick. Each strand has an alternative backbone of sugar and phosphate group. The four bases bonds with glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds with sugar and phosphoric acid.
Answer:
the respective means of growth within an organism varies from organism to organism. For instance, multicellular organisms grow via a process of cellular division known as mitosis, while others (being unicellular) grow or reproduce colonially-speaking via a process called binary fission.
Explanation:
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