Answer:
a.
Primary sources represent the law itself as interpreted by the statutory, administrative and judicial entities of the government while secondary sources can be generally defined as interpretations of the law done by non-governmental entities.
b.
The type of authority which professional tax research conclusions should be based on are the primary sources.
Explanation:
a.
Primary sources of tax information are documents that are provided directly by an authority usually the government. Primary sources usually carry heavy weight especially when there is a conflict in the understanding of a federal tax law. These sources are often used by law practitioners as a basis in understanding cases of a similar nature. Some examples of primary sources of tax information include; internal revenue code, final and temporary regulations, non-codified federal tax statutes, and judicial decisions on tax matters. In general primary sources represent the law itself as interpreted by the statutory, administrative and judicial entities of the government. They can be used in a case where a tax payer in arguing his or her case about their tax position in a court of law.
Secondary sources of tax information are documents that are provided by information vendors who provide research services, legal analysis and tax professionals. These sources usually rely on the professionalism and experience of individuals who have gained a reputation on tax law for advice and direction. Some examples of secondary sources include; legal periodicals like academic journals, legal analysts, scholars and tax law reporters. Secondary sources can be generally defined as interpretations of the law done by non-governmental entities.
b.
Professional research is usually done to enable one advance in his/her career in order to gain acceptance as an expert in that particular field. For one to join the ranks of a professional, they first need to prove their mastery of the knowledge in that particular profession. In our case, one needs to be aware of the law as provided by an authority. This means that one needs to argue his/her case in reference to the primary sources since these sources carry more weight in terms of understanding and experience as opposed to secondary sources that represent personal views that might be susceptible to bias. On this note, the type of authority which professional tax research conclusions should be based on are the primary sources.
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Answer:
Hart Corp.'s note should be reported at $10,000
Maxx Inc.'s note should be reported at $7,883
Explanation:
Interest bearing notes that represent current accounts (due within one year) should be reported at face value. Hart Corp.'s note is due in nine months, so it should be reported at = $10,000
Maxx Inc.'s note must be recorded at present value because it is due in 5 years.
FV = $10,000 x 1.03⁵ = $11,592.74
now we must determine its present value using an 8% discount rate:
PV = $11,592.74 x 0.680 = $7,883
Answer:
Option A The impact of a change in the local currency on inflow and outflow variables can sometimes be indirect and therefore different from what is expected.
Explanation:
The reason is that the changes in the currency exchange rate in which the company receives the payment and is also not a home currency, such risk exposure is known as economic exposure. So the only option that correct here is option A.
Option B is incorrect because depreciation is non cash item and it is not exposed to currency fluctuations.
Option C and D are also incorrect because domestic firms don't face any economic exposure.
Answer:
Gift tax is not an issue for most people
Explanation:
The person gifting files the gift tax return, if necessary, and pays any tax. If someone gives you more than the annual gift tax exclusion amount ($15,000 in 2020), the giver must file a gift tax return.
