Answer: D. All of the above.
Explanation:
Dennis Smith is an American writer and retired firefighter. He is the author of 16 books, most notable of which is the memoir, Report from Engine Co. 82, a chronicle of his career as a firefighter with the New York City Fire Department in a South Bronx firehouse from the late 1960s and into the 1970s. Smith served for 18 years as a New York City firefighter, from 1963 to 1981, and is the most well-known advocate for firefighters in the United States.
Answer: Learned associations
Explanation: A learned association is a psychological link between certain learned mental patterns and experiences. These learned mental patterns reflect a particular behavior in relation to the experience which encourages, that is, stimulates such behavior. So there is a link between stimulus, the source that encourages us to react, and a consequence, reaction as a form of behavior.