<span>Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are in contact with each other. Heat flows from the warmer to the cooler object until they are both at the same temperature. Conduction is the movement of heat through a substance by the collision of molecules. At the place where the two object touch, the faster-moving molecules of the warmer object collide with the slower moving molecules of the cooler object. </span>
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Ok first, we have to create a balanced equation for the dissolution of nitrous acid.
HNO2 <-> H(+) + NO2(-)
Next, create an ICE table
HNO2 <--> H+ NO2-
[]i 0.230M 0M 0M
Δ[] -x +x +x
[]f 0.230-x x x
Then, using the concentration equation, you get
4.5x10^-4 = [H+][NO2-]/[HNO2]
4.5x10^-4 = x*x / .230 - x
However, because the Ka value for nitrous acid is lower than 10^-3, we can assume the amount it dissociates is negligable,
assume 0.230-x ≈ 0.230
4.5x10^-4 = x^2/0.230
Then, we solve for x by first multiplying both sides by 0.230 and then taking the square root of both sides.
We get the final concentrations of [H+] and [NO2-] to be x, which equals 0.01M.
Then to find percent dissociation, you do final concentration/initial concentration.
0.01M/0.230M = .0434 or
≈4.34% dissociation.
Chlorine has less valence electrons than bromine, and, therefore, needs to bond with another atom to become more stable .
The total energy required for this conversion is equivalent to the sum of the energies that are used. There are three steps:
1) Heating of liquid acetone
This used 628 J
2) Evaporation of acetone
This used 15.6 kJ or 15,600 J
3) Heating of acetone vapors
This used 712 J
Adding these quantities,
Total energy = 628 + 15,600 + 712
The total energy required was <span>16940 Joules of 16.94 kJ</span>
