Well 8 x -2 = 16 and 16 + 16 = 32 so y=16
Part 1:
Given a number line with the point

and the point

The sampling error is given by:

Part 2:
Given a number line with the point

and the point

The sampling error is given by:
The total number of persons standing in the line waiting for ordering pizza are 5.
Explanation:
There are 5 people in total so the first place can be occupied by any of the 5 persons.
Secondly the second place in the line can be occupied by any of the 4 persons left.
Then the third place will be occupied by any remaining 3 persons as the front two places are already occupied.
Similarly the fourth place will be taken by any of the remaining two people. And lastly the last place will b filled by the last remaining person.
So the total number of ways will be 5*4*3*2*1 = 120 ways that is given in the question.
Half a century is 50 years. a century is 100 years
I believe the answer is Diane brought 4 pounds of coffee.