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choli [55]
3 years ago
12

What type of chemical bond would form between an atom of lithium (Li) and an atom of chlorine (Cl). Explain specifically why thi

s type of bond would form.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Aleksandr-060686 [28]3 years ago
7 0

Explanation:

  • When a bond is formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another then it results in the formation of an ionic bond.

An ionic bond is generally formed by a metal and a non-metal.

For example, lithium is an alkali metal with atomic number 3 and its electronic distribution is 2, 1.

And, chlorine is a non-metal with atomic number 17 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 7.

So, in order to complete their octet lithium needs to lose an electron and chlorine needs to gain an electron.

Hence, both of then on chemically combining together results in the formation of an ionic compound that is, lithium chloride (LiCl).

An ionic compound is formed by LiCl because lithium has donated its valence electron to the chlorine atom.  

  • On the other hand, if a bond is formed by sharing of electrons between the two chemically combining atoms then it is known as a covalent bond.

For example, O_{2} is a covalent compound as electrons are being shared by each oxygen atom.

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Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Sodium has just 1 electron in it's outmost shell and chlorine has 7.

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Sodium can not attract 7 electrons to complete it's octet configuration instead it will easily lose the 1 electron in it's outmost shell to form cation. On the other hand, it will be difficult for chlorine to lose any of it's outmost electrons. This makes chlorine to have higher ionization energy than sodium.

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