From what I know, they were named by the Romans. the parts (mon- tues- ect.) were named for the sun, the moon, and different planets that the romans knew of; so mars, mercury, jupiter, venus, and saturn.
That would be the United States! Russia is a massive country and spans the northern portion of Eurasia reaching from eastern Europe to the Kamchatka Peninsula in northeast Asia. That peninsula is bordered by the Bering Strait, the body of water that separates Russia from the State of Alaska.
They needed more slaves to pick the cotton.
Sorry if this is wrong.=^\