Answer:
Collective efficacy
Explanation:
Collective efficacy refers to the term of control as an individual and a group of people in the community. Collective efficacy can be seen in villages in the form of elders sitting under a tree, playing children watching by their elders in the form of care.
Collecting teenagers in mid of the road and playing and talking. This process includes the norms, rules, and regulations of a community of members. Individuals are not engaged in delinquent behavior but other people are engaged in such collective efficacy on the day to day activities happened in a community.
Answer: Malthusianism
Explanation:
Malthusian catastrophe also called Malthusianism, Malthusian check, Malthusian spectre or Malthusian crisis was developed by Thomas Robert Malthus in his essay on "The Principle of Population". According to Malthus, malthusianism occurs when population growth is more than agricultural production.
He posited that the growth of population is exponential while the growth of food supply is linear. He said some checks such as delayed marriage and abstinence were put in place in order to keep population growth with the growth of food supply.
Answer:
D. They provide a comparable estimate of the frequency of exposure in the absence of disease
Explanation:
Case-control study: The case-control study is also referred to as a case-referent study. This is one of the types of observational study that compares and identifies two different groups which differs in outcome based on a few casual attributes.
In the case-control study, two steps are involved:
1. To identify the cases. Here, the cases are known as a group that consists of the outcome.
2. The controls are a group which is known to be free from the outcome.
In the question above, controls are needed in a case-control study because they provide a comparable estimate of the frequency of exposure in the absence of disease.
C. Guómíndǎng (Kuomintang)
The Kuomintang is a major political party (in Taiwan) that originated in the Republic of China.
It means when you move goods and persons from place to place
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