On this date in 1821, Missouri entered the Union as the 24th state. It was the first one located entirely west of the Mississippi River.
By 1818, the Missouri Territory, part of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, had gained enough settlers to qualify for statehood. Its settlers, however, had come mostly from the South and expected it would be a slave state. When a Missouri statehood bill came before the House, Rep. James Tallmadge of New York proposed amending the measure to bar bringing slaves into the new state and providing for the ultimate emancipation of all slaves born in Missouri. The House approved that approach in 1819. But the Senate refused to go along.
In early 1820, a bill to admit Maine passed the House. Alabama had come into the Union as a slave state in 1819. With Alabama's admission, there were an equal number of senators from free and slave states in that body. Since Maine would come in as a free state, proponents of admitting Missouri as a slave state argued that equality would be retained at 12 each by pairing the two.
The Senate then voted to bar slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of the southern boundary of Missouri ? except in Missouri. Although the House rejected this compromise, conferees agreed that Missourians could adopt a constitution that permitted slavery.
But the House rebelled anew when a drafted state constitution barred bringing any free blacks into Missouri. The territorial legislature backed down and pledged that nothing in its constitution could be interpreted as abridging the rights of U.S. citizens. (Slaves were not citizens.) That deal held until 1854, when the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise. In 1861, when other slave states seceded to trigger the Civil War, Missouri chose to remain in the Union.
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China has renewed its threat of using military force against Taiwan to prevent it declaring full independence, after Beijing conducted live fire drills and flew fighter planes close to the island this week.
Chinese defense ministry spokesperson Wu Qian said that Beijing would not shy away from unifying the mainland and the island of Taiwan “through force”.
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Apartheid was a political and social system in South Africa during the era of White minority rule. It enforced racial discrimination against non-Whites, mainly focused on skin colour and facial features. This existed in the twentieth century, from 1948 until the early-1990s.
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The White Rose (German: Weiße Rose) was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in the Third Reich led by a group of students including Hans and Sophie Scholl. They attended the University of Munich. The group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign that called for active opposition to the Nazi regime. Their activities started in Munich on 27 June 1942, and ended with the arrest of the core group by the Gestapo on 18 February 1943.[1] They, as well as other members and supporters of the group who carried on distributing the pamphlets, faced show trials by the Nazi People's Court (Volksgerichtshof), and many of them were sentenced to death or imprisonment.
Hans, Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst were executed by guillotine four days after their arrest, on February 22nd, 1943. During the trial, Sophie interrupted the judge multiple times. No defendants were given any opportunity to speak.
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The Virginia Resolution, authored by Madison, said that by enacting the Alien and Sedition Acts, Congress was exercising “a power not delegated by the Constitution, but on the contrary, expressly and positively forbidden by one of the amendments thereto; a power, which more than any other, ought to produce universal alarm because it is levelled against that right of freely examining public characters and measures and of free communication among the people, there on, which has ever been justly deemed, the only effectual guardian of every other right.
