Answer:
a. Rotation of the shaft protein driven by the proton gradient
Explanation:
The F1 portion of ATP synthase is hydrophilic and responsible for hydrolyzing ATP. The F1 unit protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix space. ... γ subunit allows β to go through conformational changes (i.e., closed, half open, and open states) that allow for ATP to be bound and released once synthesized.
The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.
Luster means to give shine to a surface. Luster is a general idea of a mineral but you may need to be more specific. By specific I mean what kind of luster does the mineral have? Metallic, Non-Metallic, Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly, Greasy, Silky, or Adamantine. These are more specific types of luster than just saying luster.
Answer:
Many Indians believe in Hinduism, which preaches that cows are sacred. They might choose not to eat cow even during times of starvation because they are afraid of the consequences that come in the afterlife. Because cows are sacred, Indians believe that eating them might incur a net negative benefit when considering the afterlife.
Explanation:
No article was provided and I don't particularly know much about the subject so this is my best guess. Please adapt this answer accordingly.
The answer is a. I'm pretty sure
Answer:
Vascular tissue includes xylem, phloem, parenchyma, and cambium cells.
