Gel electrophoresis is a separating technique that is usually used in the laboratory to separate DNA fragments on the basis of their sizes. DNA are typically loaded into one side of the gel called the well and electric force will be applied to separate the fragments. DNA fragments with more base pairs are found near the sample well compare to the anode because larger DNA fragments are not able to move through the gel at a faster rate like the ones with few number of base pair. Because DNA are negatively charged they move toward the anode, but all DNA fragments have the same amount of charge per mass, thus, small fragments move faster away from the well.
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For his proof of germ theory, discovery of fermentation, and invention of pasteurization, Louis Pasteur was a French national hero by age 55, and even today, his name is a household word across the world
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chloroplasts
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chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which is responsible for making photosynthesis possible.
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A microscope is an instrument which is used to see the objects which are tiny and difficult to observe through naked eye. The microscope magnifies these objects and enlarge their size. It has two lenses that are ocular and objective.
The magnification for 10X ocular lens and the 40X objective lens is expected to produce the total magnification of 400X (10 x 40 = 400).